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Parabolic Aluminized Reflector lights, or PAR lights, or PARcans, are used when a substantial amount of flat lighting is required for a scene. A PARcan is literally a lamp within a can, as the lamp selected regulates type of light produced. There are no lenses, the reflector is internal to the lamp, and the lamp may be replaced at any hardware store. PAR lights have seen heavy use in rock and roll shows, especially those with smaller budgets, due to their low cost, light weight, easy maintenance, and high durability. They are often used in combination with smoke or haze machines which make the path of the beam visible. They are also often used as top or side lights in the theatre and for special effects. All PAR lamps produce an intense oval pool of light, some with fixed focus and soft edges. The way to adjust the orientation of the oval is to rotate the lamp/lens.
Strip lights, also known as cyclorama or (Cyc) lights (thus referred to because they are good for lighting the cyclorama, a curtain at the back of the stage), border lights or by the brand name codas, are long housings typically containing multiple lamps arranged along the length of the instrument and emitting light perpendicular to its length. Lamps are often covered with individual gels of multiple colors (often Red, Green, and Blue, which, in theory, allow almost any color to be "dialed up") with each color controlled by a separate electrical dimmer circuit. Many striplights use round pieces of glass (called roundels) rather than plastic gels for color. Roundels can sustain heavy use for a long time and are often found in more permanent installations. Varying the intensity of the different colors enables the lighting designer to establish mood or time of day.
Ellipsoidal Reflector Floodlights, better known as Scoop lights or scoops are circular fixtures that do not have any lenses. They have a reflector at the back of the fixture that directs the light out of the fixture. Since they do not have any sort of lens system they are cheaper than other fixtures. However, the downside of this is that the light cannot be focused at all (even PARs allow more control than scoops). Scoops are most often used to flood the stage with light from above, or to light backdrops. Scoops can have gels affixed. Occasionally they are used as worklights. (the lights that are turned on during non-tech rehearsals, for the actors to work in.)
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